In most cases, cataracts develop slowly over the course of years as your dog ages, but in certain cases – in a dog with diabetes, for example – cataracts can develop quickly. If left untreated, cataracts can lead to infection, glaucoma, and eventual blindness.
The most common sign that your dog may be developing cataracts is visible bluish cloudiness over the affected eye and increased clumsiness (often a result of vision loss).
This is the smallest stage of cataracts. At this point, the cataracts appear as a tiny cloud of opaque coloring in the dog’s eye. Incipient cataracts do not require surgery.
This is the classification for cataracts that cover between 15% to 99% of the lens. The affected eyes can still see, but vision loss occurs after 60% cataracts coverage.
This is the classification for cataracts that cover 100% of the lens. In this case, the eye can only see changes in light and it’s recommended the dog has surgery
This is the most advanced stage of cataracts. At this stage, the lens of the eye wrinkles and the cataract solidifies and shrinks. Depending on the severity of the cataracts, surgery may not be an option.
Some dog breeds have a higher chance of developing cataracts due to gene mutations. Over 100 dog breeds are known to be affected by hereditary cataracts.
Injuries or illnesses that affect the eye, such as inflammation, can cause damage that leads to the development of cataracts
Dogs can develop diabetes and what is called diabetic cataracts. Due to the increased blood glucose levels, the sugars within the lens of the dog’s eyes accumulate and cause cataracts. Diabetic dogs will commonly develop cataracts quickly, within a year of being diagnosed. Cataracts caused by diabetes can be treated and even reversed with careful management of your dog’s diet and insulin. The application of eye drops may also be necessary.
Your vet will ask about your dog’s medical history and any prior health conditions or illnesses. They will then perform a physical exam using a bright light and magnifying lens to thoroughly examine your dog’s eyes for any signs of cataract development, inflammation, or glaucoma.